Wayang Kulit (Shadow puppets)
Wayang means puppets, and Kulit refers to ‘leather’ of which most shadow puppets are made. Wayang Kulit is thought to date back to before the 10th century. Shadow puppets are flat figures where the head and body are cut in one piece, arms are articulated at the shoulder, and elbows are disproportionately long. They have a bent piece of bamboo or buffalo horn that works as a support that is held in hand.
Wayang Golek (Rod puppets)
Wayang Golek (Rod Puppet). Unrecorded Sudanese maker, Java, Indonesia, mid-20th century. Cloth and wood. Carl Wirth, donor, IU Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 1966-27-0046.
Wayang Golek is thought to date back to at least the 16th century, followed by the development of Wayang Kulit. Golek means ‘rod’ which the puppets are operated by. Rod puppets are three-dimensional wooden figures operated by rods. The head of the puppet is the most important and sophisticated part.
Dalang (Puppeteer/puppet master)
The dalang organizes the entire crew who is regarded as a master musician, storyteller, comic wonder, philosopher, and cultivated literary expert at the same time. Through the words and actions of comic characters, they criticize sensitive political and social issues. The performance techniques and repertory have been transmitted and passed down orally through puppeteer families, musicians, and puppet-makers. Dalangs are expected to memorize a vast repertory of stories and recite narrative passages and songs.
In a Wayang Kulit play, the dalang sits behind a screen to manipulate the puppets and create shadows on the other side of the screen. The audience can watch the performance on either side of the screen. While most connoisseurs watch on the side where shadows are cast on the screen, some sit behind the dalang. In a Wayang Golek play, the puppeteer sits in front of a screen. The central rod tapers to the bottom and is jammed into the log that runs along the base of the stage. With the rods jammed into the base log, the dalang is able to stock characters on either side until they appear on stage or project many figures on stage.
Wayang Puppets Activity Guide